<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2024 Workiva-->
<!--r:c71b2e14-38cc-4013-b943-5dbc0c79f6dd,g:56f9ed4c-a5e8-42ec-a990-c96c6bf9ec8b-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.neurogene.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ngne-20240807.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.neurogene.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_e52f63fa-948e-45f2-b8f5-3e7dadc233c1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_e52f63fa-948e-45f2-b8f5-3e7dadc233c1" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_ab83e205-2031-46af-93e3-da2c0cae9465" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_ab83e205-2031-46af-93e3-da2c0cae9465" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_65ef02ff-c487-46ac-af6d-c78b3467b8e6" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_65ef02ff-c487-46ac-af6d-c78b3467b8e6" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_062253cf-0cda-4532-a8a3-f9deb969f78a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_062253cf-0cda-4532-a8a3-f9deb969f78a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_897c722a-dfdc-4092-b1dd-ce63a4b8d753" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_897c722a-dfdc-4092-b1dd-ce63a4b8d753" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_caa0a4b8-d6c6-481b-84d9-66db938b71ca" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_caa0a4b8-d6c6-481b-84d9-66db938b71ca" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_258805c4-0c30-4bef-8dcc-fc71adffda11" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="7" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_258805c4-0c30-4bef-8dcc-fc71adffda11" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_851d4a03-be82-4b3c-bb8e-7547c96e6936" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="8" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_851d4a03-be82-4b3c-bb8e-7547c96e6936" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_b18a6c98-df7c-4112-a4e9-12ac2c2bb8c6" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="9" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_b18a6c98-df7c-4112-a4e9-12ac2c2bb8c6" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_ff066881-6181-4317-b6fc-e7d6930dcd8d" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_ff066881-6181-4317-b6fc-e7d6930dcd8d" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_909fb387-73ee-4221-9a9f-dd98d7b9f780" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="11" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_909fb387-73ee-4221-9a9f-dd98d7b9f780" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_ec1fd2da-092a-4548-9cbd-3a2c0bc35de8" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_ec1fd2da-092a-4548-9cbd-3a2c0bc35de8" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_ba4003b4-7e24-40f1-9667-0408308b1486" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="13" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_ba4003b4-7e24-40f1-9667-0408308b1486" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_26c202c6-a32c-4d15-a990-0f412beddbe0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="14" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_26c202c6-a32c-4d15-a990-0f412beddbe0" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_f6621624-c59f-4ae2-9c92-91cf129b7921" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="15" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_f6621624-c59f-4ae2-9c92-91cf129b7921" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_7cb0923d-25f3-4c6d-bc4c-65daf83790ff" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="16" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_7cb0923d-25f3-4c6d-bc4c-65daf83790ff" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_6b6d7379-45ea-4219-92b7-b2ced9f9aab1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="17" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_6b6d7379-45ea-4219-92b7-b2ced9f9aab1" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_861d8788-e3fc-4fe2-a9c6-b08f68e43843" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="18" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_861d8788-e3fc-4fe2-a9c6-b08f68e43843" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_cce9b497-7a20-4401-a851-2ce73598cb27" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="19" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_cce9b497-7a20-4401-a851-2ce73598cb27" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_c4671c40-9bb7-49ae-b80c-69da59eb946b" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_c4671c40-9bb7-49ae-b80c-69da59eb946b" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_5c0dacd2-bbda-42b0-a027-4744e131d9d2" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="21" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_5c0dacd2-bbda-42b0-a027-4744e131d9d2" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_9d21e04e-8c99-4538-94df-0e0b6e066067" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="22" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_9d21e04e-8c99-4538-94df-0e0b6e066067" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_7488caa3-71a4-4a6a-b51e-c9b95f2e4e10" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="23" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_0a2bb764-a87b-45dd-902a-58ef97a8d513" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_7488caa3-71a4-4a6a-b51e-c9b95f2e4e10" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
